Introduction
Busud Bikh-e-Marjan, commonly referred to as Busud or coral, is a natural substance widely used in Unani medicine. There has historically been debate about its nature—whether it is a mineral, plant, or animal-derived substance. Modern understanding supports that it is formed in the sea by marine organisms (coral polyps), which gradually build porous, stone-like structures.
Nature and Origin
- Considered by classical scholars as:
- A porous stone-like substance
- Sometimes described as the first formation among stones
- Some traditional texts equate it with coral, while others treat them as separate substances
- According to modern researchers:
- It is formed by marine organisms that create coral structures over time
- Found in:
- Oman Sea
- Persian Gulf
- Other tropical marine regions
Temperament (Mizaj)
- Cold in the first degree (some texts differ)
- Dry in the second degree
Pharmacological Actions
- Astringent (Qabiz)
- Hemostatic (stops bleeding)
- Heart tonic and refreshing
- Desiccant (drying agent)
- Mild cleanser of tissues
Medicinal Uses
- Digestive Disorders: Helps in constipation and related complications.
- Bleeding Conditions: Effective in:
- Bleeding hemorrhoids
- Bloody diarrhea
- Bleeding gums
- Oral and Dental Health:
- Strengthens teeth and gums
- Removes plaque
- Burnt form (calcined coral) used as tooth powder or mouthwash
- Wound Healing:
- Stops bleeding of fresh wounds
- Helps dry and heal old wounds
- Removes rotten tissue in small quantities
- Eye Conditions:
Its dried and processed form is used to strengthen the whites of the eyes and reduce swelling - Respiratory and Skin Issues:
- Applied as a poultice in asthma
- Useful in scabies and skin diseases
- General Tonic Effects:
- Strengthens the heart
- Helpful in stomach weakness
- Traditionally used in mental weakness, forgetfulness, and certain nervous conditions
Special Benefits
- Strong blood-stopping (hemostatic) action
- Acts as a heart-strengthening and refreshing agent
Forms of Use
- Kashta Busad (calcined coral): A well-known processed form used internally
- Powder (Safuf) or external applications
Dosage
- Salai (raw form): Approximately 1 masha (≈ 1 gram)
- Kashta (calcined form): Around 1–2 grams
Note: Should be taken under expert supervision due to potency.
Substitutes (Badal)
- Other astringent and hemostatic substances
- Coral (Marjan) is often used as a close alternative for its cooling and heart-tonic effects
